Causes of Hearing Loss: Common Causes, Prevention & Hearing Protection
Hearing loss can happen for many different reasons. Some causes, such as genetics and aging, may be beyond our control. However, other causes—including prolonged exposure to loud noise and certain medications—may be preventable or manageable.
Understanding the causes of hearing loss can help you recognize potential risks early and take steps to protect your hearing.
What Causes Hearing Loss?
Common causes of hearing loss include:
- Heredity and genetic factors
- Aging
- Exposure to loud noise
- Certain medications that can affect the ear
- Ear infections and other ear conditions
- Head or ear injuries
- Certain illnesses and medical conditions
Not every type of hearing loss can be prevented. However, protecting your ears from excessive noise and discussing potentially harmful medications with a healthcare professional can help reduce certain risks.
Hearing Loss Caused by Heredity
Genetics can play an important role in hearing health. Some people inherit conditions that make them more likely to develop hearing loss.
Inherited hearing loss can be present at birth or develop later in life. Because genetic factors are not something we can control, people with a family history of hearing loss may benefit from regular hearing evaluations.
Ototoxic Drugs and Hearing Loss
Some medications are considered ototoxic, meaning they can potentially damage structures involved in hearing or balance.
Depending on the medication and individual circumstances, ototoxic effects may include hearing changes, tinnitus or balance problems.
Examples of medications that may have ototoxic effects include:
- Certain antibiotics
- Some chemotherapy medicines
- Certain loop diuretics
- Some anti-inflammatory medicines
- High doses of certain over-the-counter pain medicines
The risk depends on factors such as the specific medication, dosage, duration of treatment and a person's health.
Do not stop or change a prescribed medication on your own. If you are concerned that a medication may be affecting your hearing, speak with your doctor or pharmacist. They can determine whether an alternative treatment is appropriate.
Signs of Possible Ototoxicity
Potential warning signs can include:
- New or worsening tinnitus
- A feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear
- Changes in hearing
- Hearing loss that appears or progresses during treatment
- Dizziness or vertigo
- Balance problems
If you notice new hearing or balance symptoms while taking a medication, contact your healthcare professional promptly.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the major causes of preventable hearing damage.
Very loud sounds can damage delicate sensory cells in the inner ear. Repeated exposure to loud sounds—or a single exposure to an extremely loud sound—can result in permanent hearing damage.
Noise exposure can come from many sources, including:
- Concerts and live music
- Headphones and earbuds
- Power tools
- Construction equipment
- Motorcycles and other vehicles
- Firearms
- Lawn and landscaping equipment
- Industrial machinery
The louder the sound, the less time it may take for hearing damage to occur.
Can Earbuds Cause Hearing Loss?
Personal listening devices can contribute to hearing damage when music or other audio is played at excessive volume for extended periods.
A practical warning sign is difficulty hearing someone who is standing nearby while your headphones or earbuds are playing.
Parents and caregivers can also help children and teenagers develop safer listening habits by encouraging lower volume levels and regular breaks from personal listening devices.
If you experience ringing in your ears or muffled hearing after listening to loud music, consider it a warning to reduce your exposure and protect your hearing.
Musicians and Hearing Loss
Musicians can face increased exposure to loud sound because rehearsals, performances and amplified instruments can produce high sound levels.
Long-term exposure to loud music can put musicians at risk of noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus.
Musicians can reduce their risk by using appropriately fitted hearing protection, taking breaks when possible and monitoring sound levels.
Specialized musicians' earplugs are designed to reduce sound while allowing music to remain relatively balanced across frequencies.
How Loud Is Too Loud?
Sound is measured in decibels (dB). As sound levels increase, the amount of time a person can safely remain exposed generally decreases.
Examples of everyday sound levels include:
| Sound level | Example |
|---|
| Around 40 dB | Quiet room |
| Around 50 dB | Moderate rainfall |
| Around 60 dB | Typical conversation |
| Around 70 dB | Busy traffic or vacuum cleaner |
| 80–90 dB | Hair dryer, blender or some other loud household equipment |
| Around 90 dB | Motorcycle or subway |
| Around 100 dB | Power tools |
| Around 110 dB | Chainsaw or some very loud personal audio equipment |
| 120 dB+ | Sirens, jet aircraft at close range and other extremely loud sounds |
| 140 dB+ | Firearms or other extremely intense sounds |
Actual sound levels can vary significantly depending on distance, equipment and environment.
Warning Signs That Noise May Be Too Loud
A sound may be dangerously loud if:
- You need to raise your voice to communicate with someone nearby.
- The sound causes physical discomfort or pain.
- You notice ringing or buzzing in your ears afterward.
- Your hearing seems muffled after leaving the noisy environment.
- You have difficulty understanding speech after prolonged noise exposure.
Temporary ringing or muffled hearing after loud noise should not be ignored. Repeated exposure can increase the risk of permanent hearing damage.
How to Prevent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
The good news is that many forms of noise-related hearing damage can be reduced through simple precautions.
1. Reduce the Volume
Lower the volume of headphones, earbuds, televisions and other audio devices.
2. Limit Exposure Time
Take regular breaks when you are around loud music, machinery or other sources of noise.
3. Wear Hearing Protection
Earplugs or earmuffs can help reduce exposure to loud sounds. Choose hearing protection appropriate for the environment and use it correctly.
4. Move Away From Loud Sounds
Increasing your distance from a loud sound source can reduce the amount of sound reaching your ears.
5. Protect Children's Hearing
Teach children safe listening habits and monitor their exposure to loud music, concerts, sporting events and noisy environments.
6. Get Your Hearing Checked
Regular hearing evaluations can help identify hearing changes early, particularly if you regularly work or spend time in noisy environments.
When Should You See a Hearing Professional?
Consider arranging a hearing evaluation if you notice:
- Difficulty understanding conversations
- Frequently asking people to repeat themselves
- Turning the television volume higher than others prefer
- Persistent or recurring tinnitus
- Muffled hearing
- Difficulty hearing in restaurants or other noisy environments
- A noticeable change in hearing after noise exposure
Sudden hearing loss should be treated as a medical concern and evaluated promptly.
Frequently Asked Questions About Hearing Loss
What is the most common cause of hearing loss?
Hearing loss has many possible causes, including aging, genetics, noise exposure and certain medical conditions or medications. The cause varies from person to person.
Can hearing loss be prevented?
Some types of hearing loss cannot be prevented, but many cases of noise-induced hearing loss can be reduced or prevented by limiting loud-noise exposure and using appropriate hearing protection.
Can loud music cause permanent hearing loss?
Yes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to loud music can damage the inner ear and contribute to permanent noise-induced hearing loss.
Can earbuds cause hearing loss?
Listening through earbuds at excessive volume or for prolonged periods can increase the risk of noise-induced hearing damage. Keeping volume at a safer level and taking listening breaks can help reduce exposure.
What medications can cause hearing loss?
Certain antibiotics, chemotherapy medicines, loop diuretics and other medications can have ototoxic effects. The risk varies by medication and individual circumstances, so medication changes should always be discussed with a healthcare professional.
How can I protect my hearing from loud noise?
Reduce the volume, limit the duration of exposure, move away from loud sound sources and use appropriate earplugs or earmuffs when necessary.
Protect Your Hearing Before Problems Begin
Many causes of hearing loss require medical evaluation, but protecting your ears from excessive noise is something you can start doing today.
If you are experiencing hearing changes, tinnitus, muffled hearing or difficulty understanding conversations, schedule a professional hearing evaluation to determine what may be affecting your hearing.
CTA: Don't ignore changes in your hearing. Contact our hearing care team today to schedule a hearing evaluation and learn more about protecting your hearing.